Energy Sector

The power industry uses cables designed for transmission and distribution of electricity. They are used in traditional energy systems, as well as in renewable energy facilities such as solar power plants, wind farms, and hydroelectric power plants.

The cable is a structure consisting of conductive cores, an insulating layer and a protective shell. It provides reliable and safe transmission of electricity or signals, protecting the conductors from mechanical damage, moisture and other external influences, as well as reducing transmission losses.
Types of cables for the energy sector:
By core material

Conductive cores are made of copper or aluminum.
Copper pipes are highly conductive and resistant to corrosion.
Aluminum ones are lighter and more economical, so they are often used for high-power transmission.

By core design

Cables can be single‑core or multi‑core.
Single-core ones are mainly used in stationary installations.
Stranded wires are more flexible and easier to install.

By insulation material
Insulation can be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rubber, cross-linked polyethylene (PE) and other materials-the choice depends on the operating conditions.
By voltage level

low‑voltage — up to 1 kV;
medium-voltage — from 1 to 35 kV;
High‑voltage — over 35 kV.

By degree of protection

normal — without additional protection;
armored — with steel armor for mechanical strength;
waterproof — with protection against moisture and water penetration.

Examples of power cable brands in the energy sector
Low‑voltage (up to ~1—6 kV)
(suitable for distribution networks, feeders, and equipment)

NYM-PVC insulated power cable (up to 660 V)
NYMex (A) LS-power cable with reduced combustion propagation
AVVG is a power cable with aluminum conductors.
VVG / VVGng (A) — copper power cables for fixed networks
AVBSHV / AVBSHVNG (A) — armored power cables for mechanically harsher conditions
VBBSHV / VBVng (A) — PVC insulated/sheathed power cables

Medium-voltage and special power plants

APvBVng (A) LS-cross-linked polyethylene (PE) insulated power cable designed for higher voltages (1 kV and higher)
Power cables with SPE insulation for a voltage of 6-10-15-20-35 kV are used in medium-voltage lines for distribution and power supply networks of large power facilities
110 kV and higher power cables with SPE insulation — used for high-load lines (transformer substations and high-voltage distribution networks)

Basic requirements
Cables used in the power industry must remain operational when exposed to high and low temperatures, high humidity, aggressive environments, and mechanical loads. Special versions are developed for use in special conditions.

Compliance with fire safety requirements is mandatory — for example, cables must not propagate combustion when laid singly.
Standards
The use of cable products in the energy sector is regulated by regulatory documents and standards. In Russia, these are primarily GOST requirements and technical specifications (TS).

The procedure for operating cable power transmission lines is established by Order No. 1070 of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated October 4, 2022, “On Approval of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Power Plants and Networks of the Russian Federation” (as amended on December 9, 2024).